Floor prep and moisture: what happens to the concrete first

Written for the person signing the purchase order. What a bid should say about the slab before any resin is mixed.

A resin floor is a thin layer bonded to your slab. If the bond fails, the floor fails, however good the resin was. Sika's prep guide calls surface preparation a critical factor in how the floor performs.

Who owns the prep

The Sika and Sherwin-Williams guides both say that handing over a sound, clean slab is the job of the owner or the concrete contractor unless the contract says otherwise. Ask each installer to write down which prep work is in the price.

Clean first, then profile

Contamination is anything that blocks a bond. Oil, grease, wax, old sealers, curing compounds. Both guides describe a simple check with distilled water and pH paper. Normal concrete reads 11 to 13. A reading of 10 or lower means more cleaning, and concrete that can't be cleaned has to be cut out and replaced. That matters in a kitchen that has run for years.

Profile is the roughness the resin grips. The International Concrete Repair Institute's guideline 310.2R grades it from CSP 1, nearly flat, to CSP 10, very rough. The number you need depends on the product. Sika's general guide calls for CSP 3 to 5, its MMA primer sheet says 3 to 6, and one of its MMA freezer systems says 4. Ask which number the data sheet for your system requires.

The profile is made by machine. Shot blasting throws steel shot at the slab and vacuums it back up. Diamond grinding does similar work and takes off old coatings. Acid etching is the one to turn down. Sika's MMA system sheet rules it out, and Stonhard says it is no longer recommended for commercial or industrial floors.

Repairs

Weak concrete comes out down to sound material and gets rebuilt. On Sika's MMA system sheet, cracks wider than 1/16 inch are opened up during prep, and the concrete around each drain is chipped down 1/2 to 3/4 inch and tapered back 3 to 6 inches. Joints are a separate decision. Ask how each one will be treated.

Moisture

Sherwin-Williams lists what excess moisture in a slab does. It can stop the resin curing properly, or push a non-breathing floor off the concrete. New concrete is normally left 28 days before coating, and the same guide warns that 28 days is not always long enough for the extra water to leave.

These are the test names to look for in a bid:

ASTM adds a caution: a result only describes the slab at the time it was taken. Sika wants the building at its normal temperature and humidity for at least 48 hours before testing.

If the numbers come back high, the usual answer is an extra layer under the floor that tolerates moisture. Sika's MMA primer sheet, for example, calls for a different base coat at least 1/8 inch thick when the meter reads over 4 percent. That adds cost and time.

Proof on the day

Sika's MMA sheets call for a bond test: a small patch of primer on the prepared floor. After 60 minutes it should be hard and should not scratch off with a knife. A tacky patch can mean something is still in the concrete. The sheets ask for one every 500 to 1,000 square feet. The slab also has to be at least 5°F above the dew point, so ask where the installer will measure slab temperature.

What to ask the installer

Limits of this page: it summarizes published documents and is not a specification. The data sheet for the exact product on your bid is the one that counts.

Sources

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